How does fetal heart rate generally relate to gestational age?

The correct answer is that fetal heart rate decreases as gestational age increases. This relationship is well-documented in obstetric and neonatal literature. During the early stages of pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, the fetal heart rate is typically higher, with rates often exceeding 160 beats per minute. As gestation progresses towards term, the average fetal heart rate gradually decreases.

By the time a fetus reaches full term, the normal fetal heart rate generally falls within the range of 110 to 160 beats per minute. This decrease is thought to be influenced by several factors, including the maturation of the fetal autonomic nervous system and the increasing size of the fetus as it develops. Additionally, as the pregnancy advances, the placenta becomes more efficient at delivering oxygen, which may also lead to a moderation in heart rate as the fetus grows.

Understanding this trend is crucial for healthcare professionals monitoring fetal well-being, as deviations from the expected heart rate patterns can indicate potential issues requiring further evaluation.